Introduction & Objective: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and teenagers in developed and developing countries is increasing rapidly. Few studies have been carried out on relationship between obesity and amount of physical activity of children in Iran. The aim of this study was to recognize the prevalence of overweight and at risk for overweight and its relation with the amount of physical activity among male students of public schools in Ahvaz, Iran.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study 628 students aged 10-14 from ahvaz using the two-stages cluster sampling method were selected. Height and weight of students were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Those who their BMI was 85 to 95 (85th £BMI£95th percentile) considered to be at risk of overweight and those with BMI over 95 (BMI³95th percentile) considered overweight. data were analyzed by spss software.Results:The prevalence of at risk for overweight and overweight was 18.8 and 12.3 respectively. The age group of 11-13 year had the most overweight percentages and only students with age of 10 were not at risk of overweight.Conclusion: In comparison to other studies, overweight and at risk for overweight students in Ahvaz, Iran are on warning aspect. According to these findings, the policy makers and educational organizations should consider regular physical activity in schools programs to prevent and reduce the obesity in the society.

Up to now, no complete study was carried out about the prevalence and location of periapical granuloma and radicular cysts from the point of view of clinical symptoms (e.g. pain and swelling fistula) in Iran. The data was collected from the files available in the Department of Pathology, faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. With a consideration on different therapeutic methods, a proper method was selected. Radicular cyst occurred in 59.3 percent of 324 cases while 45.7 percent were granuloma. The most common incidence of these lesions was in the range of 24-25 years old. The most common location of lesions was the maxillary anterior. Sinus tracts occurred in 74 of all cases. 47.3 percent of these patients have been previously received root canal therapy. It is noticeable that 24 percent of all patients were treated endodontically before surgery. Higher incidence of granuloma occurred in small lesions while cysts were more common in large lesions. 232 of all cases showed one of the clinical symptoms, 16% pain, 35.8% swelling and 22.8% fistula. No symptoms were found in 92 cases.

Background: Neuropathic pain is one of the most important chronic and pathological problems that can cause disruptions in human life. Some studies indicated that the release of inflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative activity can increase nerve damage. Adalimumab is a human anti-monoclonal drug that can cause therapeutic effects in different diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effects of adalimumab in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) experimental pain model in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male Wistar rats were utilized in this study and were randomly assigned to four groups: the first group served as the control, the second group underwent CCI, the third group received CCI in conjunction with adalimumab (5 mg/kg), and the fourth group received CCI with adalimumab (10 mg/kg). Behavioral assessments were conducted 4, 7, and 14 days post-CCI induction. The spinal cords were extracted after these assessments, and the supernatants were analyzed for inflammatory and oxidative enzymes. Data analysis was performed using Prism GraphPad statistical software. Results: The analysis of the obtained data indicated that the injection of adalimumab in the third and fourth groups decreased the activity of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP. In addition, it decreased the activity of MDA and increased the SOD and CAT enzymes. Moreover, adalimumab significantly improved the outcomes of thermal allodynia, mechanical allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia in the CCI rats treated with this medication. Conclusion: The administration of adalimumab can be used to treat or reduce neuropathic pain with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, along with neuroprotective effects.

Background and purpose: Aim of this research is to study the effect of bridging collateral vessels (BCVS) on the success of coronary angioplasty in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). In coronary angioplasty of CTO cases, categorizing of lessions characteristics can be helpful in evaluation of success in angioplasty. There are controversies about the role of BCVS in the rate of angioplasty success in OTC cases.Materials and methods: Seventy seven patients with angioplasty done in CTO lesions were selected for study, and divided in two groups. In the first group comprising of 97 patients, there was BCVS, and the second group (50 patients) had no BCVS.Results: Success was achieved in 11 patients from Group II (40.7% vs 82% p=0.0002 with relative risk of 3.9, and confidence interval of 95%, (1.7 to 6.4). Of 52 patients with successful angioplasty, rate of success with estimation of less than three months occlusion was more in patients with occlusion for more than three months (63.5% vs 47.5%), p=0.0001 and relative risk of 1.8, with confidence interval of 95%, (1.3 to 2.6). Presence of a side branch at the distance of ≥ 2mm to the occlusion point has been one of the predictor factors for unsuccessful angioplasty (p=0.0007, relative risk 2.9, with confidence interval of 95%, (1.5 to 5.6).Conclusion: Presence of some morphological variables in CTO during angioplasty of coronary vessels may be helpful in guiding successful angioplasty. One of them is presence of BCVS which seems to have inverse relation to the rate of successful angioplasty.

Background: In angioplasty of chronic total occlusion categorizing lesion characteristics may be useful for their impact on procedural success. There is controversy about the role of bridging collateral vessels in chronic total occlusion procedural outcome. This study investigated the effect of bridging collateral vessels on the success of coronary angioplasty in  patients with chronic total occlusions.Methods: Seventy seven consecutive patients undergoing coronary angioplasty for chronic total occlusion were classified into two groups. Group I patients had chronic total occlusion with bridging collateral vessels (27 patients), and patients in group II had not such vessels (50 patients). Results: Procedural success was achieved in 11 patients in group I and in 41 patients in group II (40.7% vs 82%; P=0.0002; relative risk 3.9; 95% confidence interval 1.7-6.4). Of 52 patients with successful results than patients with ≥3 months (63.5% vs 47.5%; P= 0.0001; relative risk 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.3-2.6). Presence of a side branch of ≤2mm at occlusion point was a predictor of unsuccessful result (p=0.007; relative risk 2.9;95% confidence confidence interval 1.5-5.6). Conclusion: There are some morphologic variables which may be useful in guiding angioplasty in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion . presence of bridging collateral vessels is one of them , which appear to be inversely related to procedural success.

Introduction: On one hand the prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) ranges from 4 to 12 percent in the community; on the other hand, Celiac disease is prevalent in 4% of the IBS patients. Regarding the fact that cereals containing gluten are routinely used in Iran, diagnosing celiac disease in IBS patients is important for conducting the treatments. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of Celiac in IBS patients.Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a case control prospective study. Eighty six subjects were enrolled in this study according to Rome II Criteria. The control group included healthy subjects that were checked up on a routine base. The evaluation of Celiac was done through serology exams such as Anti Gliadin and Anti Transglutaminase (IgG and IgA).Results: Thirty eight male and 48 female patients suffering from IBS with a mean age of 34±11.7 years were enrolled in this study. The case and control groups were not significantly different in terms of sex and age. Flatulence, excessive gas passing and mucus passage were the most frequent symptoms in IBS patients. Night symptoms and weight loss (alarm signs) were observed in 37% and 32%, respectively. Elevated Antigliadin Titer was evident in 22 subjects (25%) which suggests a significantly higher rate for the case group as compared to the control group (t=4.67, P=0.0001).Elevated IgG Anti Transglutaminase Titer was observed in 2 cases (2.3%) while IgA Anti Transglutaminase was not elevated in any of the IBS subjects, neither in the control group nor in the case group.Conclusion: Biopsy of small intestine can be suggested to rule out the elevated Antigliadin Titer Celiac Disease in IBS patients.

Introduction: Polyneuropathy is defined as a diffused peripheral nerve disorder that presents with sensory, motor or autonomic dysfunctions. This study aims at determining the causes of polyneuropathy among patients who referred to Bahman 22nd  Hospital in Mashhad.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study that was carried out on 31 patients suspected to polyneuropathy referring  to Bahman 22nd  Hospital in Mashhad during the years of 2007-2008.  The study collected data on the patients’ past medical history, drug history and family history of manifesting similar symptoms. Also, the research undertook neurological examinations and neurophysiologic studies on all the participating patients. Polyneuropathy was confirmed using electrophysiologic studies. Supplementary laboratory exams were conducted with patients’ consent to diagnose polyneuropathy. Statistical analysis was then done on the collected data using SPSS software.Results: The most frequent cause of  polyneuropathy was found to be CIDP. The other causes were determined as diabetes mellitus in 16.5% of the participants, GBS in 16.5% as well as leprosy, toxic and hereditary causes each in 9.7% of the participants . Also Vitamine B12 deficiency was determined to be the cause in 6.5% of the cases. We didn’t find any determinative cause of the disease in 9.7% of the cases; so, they were classified as cryptogenic. Among the predominating clinical manifestation was sensory complains (66.7%). Pain and temperature disorders were the most common presentations (87.1%). It was also found that muscle tonicity affected mostly the distal area of lower extremities. Muscle strength was found to be diminished in the distal areas of both lower and upper extremities. Moreover, Achilles Reflex function was reduced in 87.1% of the patients in this study.Conclusion: The most frequent causes of polyneuropathy were inflammation and metabolic disorders. Muscle tonicity, muscle strength and deep tendon reflexes were reduced in the distal areas of extremities. Therefore, in neurological examinations, detailed evaluation of distal areas is essential.

Introduction: The incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) varies markedly according to the age, race and sex of the population as well as the geographical characteristics of the place where they live. Low socio-economic status is associated withthe occurrence of several different chronic diseases, but evidenceregarding renal disease is scant. This study was performed to determine the relationship between the level of patient’s family education and income with the etiology of ESRD.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 62 patients (30 Boys and 32 Girls) with chronic renal failure who were under dialysis treatment. A control group consisting of 400 students was also enrolled in the study. Socioeconomic data were obtained from both groups by using a questionnaire. Meanwhile, the cause of renal failure and the kind of dialysis were also determined for the patients. Socioeconomic features were compared in both the patients and the control group by using student T-Test, Chi-square, Fisher Exact Test and logistic regression analysis.Results: In the dialysis group, there were remarkably more children from families with either one parent or without any supervisor, as compared with the control group) P<0.001).The level of family education in the dialysis group and control group was 10.6 and 13.3 years of schooling, respectively (P<0.001). Dialysis patients were either tenants or were living in houses smaller than the control group’s (P<0.001). In addition, the household’s monthly income for the case group was lower than that of the control group and only 3% of the patients were living in the socioeconomic areas of high classes (P<0.001).Conclusion: The dialysis patients’ families had lower socioeconomic level in comparison with the healthy population. The high prevalence of ESRD in these families may be related to the lack of access to hygienic facilities, the parents’ lack of sufficient knowledge and inattentiveness which may lead to delayed diagnosis of the disease, and incomplete treatment of the primary disease which may, in turn, develop ESRD.